Lapho uklebhula itheyiphu yokupakisha, udala ama-sonic booms aphezulu.

Lapho uklebhula itheyiphu yokupakisha, udala ama-sonic booms aphezulu.

Namuhla sikhuluma ngento encane wonke umuntu ahlangabezane nayo - ukuvula amaphakheji, noma ngokuqondile, lapho uklebhula itheyiphu yokupakisha ecacile ivuliwe.

Itheyiphu ecacile eshibhile nje ethengiswa ezitolo zokubhala, futhi abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi akukho okufanelekile ukuhlola ngakho. Nokho ngemuva kwalokhu kunyakaza okulula kukhona indida engokomzimba osekuphele amashumi eminyaka edida izazi zefiziksi. Iphepha elisanda kunyatheliswa ligcina liyixazulule imfihlakalo, futhi isiphetho siyamangaza kangangokuthi ngeke usikholelwe ekuqaleni.

Abaningi bethu babona imikhondo ngephutha lapho sisebancane. Uma ulalelisisa ukuthungwa ngaleso sikhathi, uzobona imifantu evundlile ivela njengoba uklebhula itheyiphu, futhi le mifantu ixhumene kakhulu naleyo tape ebukhali, ehlukile eyenza umsindo. Kukhona ngisho neqhinga ongalisebenzisa: donsa itheyiphu ngobumnene nangokunganyakazi, futhi izohlukana ngokushelelayo ngemifantu embalwa evundlile kanye nomsindo onzima kakhulu. Njengezingane, sabona lo mkhuba kuphela ngaphandle kokuqonda isayensi, singakaze sazi ukuthi kudlalwa imishini ye-supersonic.

Itheyiphu edabulayo ikhipha umsindo ohlabayo, oqhaqhazelayo, amazinyo ukushesha kwakho ukudonsa, umsindo ubukhali, uzwakala ngisho nakuwo wonke amadeski amabili.

Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi umsindo omkhulu uvela ngenxa yokungqubuzana: izendlalelo ezimbili zetheyiphu enamathelayo ziyagudlana futhi zidlidlizele ziphikisana, zinyakazise umoya ukuze kuzwakale umsindo, njengomnsalo wevayolini oshelela phakathi kwezintambo.

Lokhu kunengqondo kuzwakala kunengqondo ekuqaleni, nokho kunesici esibucayi. Umsindo ushintsha kakhulu kuye ngesivinini sokudonsa, i-engeli, nomkhiqizo wetheyiphu. Ukudlidliza okulula okungqubuzanayo akukwazi ukulandisa ngokuhlukahluka okubanzi okunjalo.

Izazi zefiziksi zifunde le ndida amashumi eminyaka futhi zithole umkhondo obalulekile: itheyiphu ayihlukani kahle. Isixhumi esibonakalayo esibophezelayo siyashintshana phakathi kokubambelela siqine kanye nokushelela kungazelelwe, ukuhamba ngokujikijela kufanelana njengoziphu onamathele. Lo mjikelezo oshintshanayo wokunamathela nokushelela waziwa ngokuthi ukunyakaza kwenduku-shelela.

I-Stick-slip motion yinto evamile yokungqubuzana ekhona yonke indawo empilweni yansuku zonke nemvelo:

Ukuzamazama komhlaba: Izendlalelo zamadwala emigqeni yamaphutha zibophana ndawonye. Ukucindezeleka kwakha kuze kube yilapho kufinyelelwa emngceleni obalulekile, okubangela ukushelela kungazelelwe.

I-Basketball Izitobhi ezisheshayo: Umsindo ohlabayo ozwakalayo lapho amateku egudlana ezinkantolo zokhuni.

Iminyango yamapulangwe endala: Ukungqubuzana kwamahinge kudala ama-creaks aqinile lapho uphusha umnyango uvule.

Ukubhala emabhodini: Ishoki ishelela ngokuqhaqhazela futhi ikhipha umsindo ohlabayo ongakhululekile.

I-Stick-slip ngokwayo ayiyona into eyivelakancane. Kodwa-ke, ukunyakaza kwenduku - ukushelela ngesikhathi sokuxebuka kweteyiphu kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu kunalokho ososayensi abake bacabanga. Amathuluzi okubuka amadala ayentula ukunemba okwanele kanye nezinga lohlaka lokurekhoda inqubo egcwele, okushiya ucwaningo lumile amashumi eminyaka.

Ngo-2025, ithimba labacwaningi lamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubheka kanye nemibono emisha yokuhlola, futhi ngokokuqala ngqá labona ngeso lengqondo indlela yangempela yomsindo onzima okhiqizwayo lapho kudabuka itheyiphu.

Ukusethwa kokuhlolwa bekuqondile: abacwaningi banamathisele itheyiphu yokupakisha ecacile epuleti lengilazi. Ngenkathi uxebula itheyiphu, amadivaysi amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa aqopha yonke inqubo yokuhlukanisa:

Ikhamera-nesivinini esikhulu efakwe ngaphansi kwengilazi ithwebule umumo oxebukayo wezingqimba zokunamathisela kanye nesivinini sokusabalalisa sokuqhekeka ngesikhathi sangempela ngepuleti;

I-Schlieren imaging system: Umoya awubonakali ngeso lenyama, nokho ukukhanya kugoba kancane lapho kudlula emoyeni wokuminyana okuhlukahlukene. Lo mshini wokubona ukhulisa futhi urekhode ukuchezuka kokukhanya okunjalo, kwenze amaza okucindezela kanye nama-shockwaves akheke emoyeni abonakale;

Amamakrofoni aphezulu-anembayo aqoshwe umsindo ngokuhambisanayo, afane ngokunembile yonke i-pulse yomsindo nokuphuka kwempahla ehambisanayo ethwetshulwe ngekhamera.

Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe esiqoshiwe ngenani eliphezulu-eliphezulu lozimele lozimele abayizigidi ezingu-2 ngesekhondi. Uma uqhathanisa, amamuvi ajwayelekile asebenza ngo-24fps kuphela, futhi amavidiyo ahamba kancane-anyakazayo ahamba phambili ngo-240 fps. Amafreyimu ayizigidi ezimbili asho ukuthi konke ukunyakaza okuncane phakathi nesekhondi elilodwa kuhlukaniswa kube amafreyimu angawodwana ayizigidi ezimbili.

Ngokuhlanganisa ngokunembile amasiginali omsindo nezithombe ezibukwayo, abacwaningi bagcina behlonze umthombo wangempela womsindo oshwaqayo wetheyiphu.

Uma udonsela itheyiphu phezulu, ukuqhekeka okuvundlile kwakheka ngemuva komngcele phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlutshiwe nezingahlutshiwe. Ngokuhambisana nobude be-tape, ukuqhekeka kugijima ku-tape kusuka kolunye unqenqema kuya kolunye.

I-crack isakazeka ngokushesha kunejubane lomsindo emoyeni, ifaneleka njenge-supersonic fracture; Lapho nje i-supersonic crack ifinyelela onqenqemeni lwetheyiphu, amandla amakhulu aphumela emoyeni futhi akhe i-arc esabalalayo-emise okwe-shockwave. Yabelana ngokuma okuqondile kwamagagasi aqhumayo, kuphela esikalini esincane;

Le shockwave empeleni iyi-sonic boom encane, elandela isimiso esifanayo somzimba njengoba i-sonic boom edaleka lapho izindiza zokulwa ziphula umgoqo womsindo;

Umjikelezo uphindaphinda ngokuqhubekayo: ngemva kokuqhekeka okukodwa okuvundlile kanye ne-sonic boom, ukuqhekeka okusha kwe-supersonic transverse kuyathuthuka, kudedela amaza othusayo angami kuze kube yilapho uyeka ukuklebhula itheyiphu.

Umsindo oqhubekayo ohlabayo othi "rip" esiwuzwayo akuwona umsindo wokudlidliza owodwa. Kunalokho, inqwaba yamaza othusayo ashaya isigubhu sendlebe ngokulandelana. Ama-shockwaves enza imvamisa ephezulu kangangokuthi izindlebe zomuntu azikwazi ukuhlukanisa ama-pulses ngamanye, ahlangane abe umsindo ohlabayo oqhubekayo.

Umphakathi jikelele unombono wendabuko wokuthi ukungqubuzana ku-tape kudala ukudlidliza okunyakazisa umoya nokudala umsindo. Nokho umshini wangempela ongokoqobo uxoxa indaba ehlukile: itheyiphu yokudabula ibangela ukuphuka okukhulu kwempahla. Amandla amakhulu akhululwa khona manjalo emaphethelweni e-crack, acindezela umoya ozungezile futhi akhiqize lowo msindo ohlabayo ngamagagasi okushisa. Nakuba lezi zincazelo ezimbili zihluka ngesenzo esisodwa nje, ingqondo yazo eyisisekelo iwukuhlukana kwemihlaba.

Ingxenye eheha kakhulu yalolu cwaningo ingaphezu kokutholwe kokuhlola okuphikisayo - kwembula iqiniso elijulile: inqwaba yezinqubo ezingenakubalwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke zifihla izimfihlakalo ezingokwenyama ezingakambulwa ngokugcwele. Umqulu ongenalutho wetheyiphu yezincwadi zokubhala ebiza idola elilodwa nje lase-US, isenzo nje sokuyiklebhula, imifantu ebonakalayo evundlile nomsindo ohlabayo oshintshashintshayo konke kuhlangana ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi lwefiziksi eshaqisayo, okuhlanganisa ukuphuka okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nama-sonic booms amancane. Phakathi nezikhathi ezivamile zokuphila kwansuku zonke kukhona uthando olumsulwa lwesayensi.