Paunobvarura kurongedza tepi, uri kugadzira supersonic sonic booms.

Paunobvarura kurongedza tepi, uri kugadzira supersonic sonic booms.

Nhasi tiri kutaura nezve chinhu chidiki diki chakasangana nemunhu wese - kuvhura mapakeji, kana zvakanyanya, nguva yaunobvarura yakajeka tepi yekurongedza yakavhurika.

Ingori yakachipa yakajeka tepi inotengeswa muzvitoro zvemitambo, uye vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti hapana chakakosha kuongorora nezvazvo. Asi kuseri kwekufamba uku kwakapfava kune pikicha yemuviri yakavhiringidza nyanzvi dzefizikisi kwemakumi emakore. Bepa richangoburitswa rinopedzisira ragadzirisa chakavanzika, uye mhedziso inokatyamadza zvekuti haungazvitendi pekutanga.

Vazhinji vedu takaona zviratidzo netsaona patakanga tiri vana. Kana iwe wakanyatso tarisisa kune magadzirirwo kumashure, waizoona mitswe yakachinjika ichioneka paunenge uchibvarura tepi, uye mitswe iyi yakanyatsobatanidzwa neinopinza, inosiyanisa tepi yeruzha inoita. Pane kunyange hunyengeri hwaunogona kushandisa: dhonza tepi zvinyoronyoro uye zvakatsiga, uye inopatsanurwa zvakanaka ine mashoma akatsemuka akatsemuka uye neruzha rushoma. Sevana, isu taingoona chiitiko tisinganzwisise sainzi, tisingazive ma supersonic mechanics aive ari kutamba.

Kubvarura tepi kunoburitsa kurira, kudedera, mazino-inorira; kana ukakurumidza kudhonza, ndipo paunowedzera ruzha, runonzwika kunyange pamatafura maviri.

Vanhu vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti ruzha rukuru runobva mukukweshana: mativi maviri etepi anonamira anokweshana uye anozunguzika pamusoro peumwe neumwe, achibvongodza mhepo kuti iite ruzha, kungofanana neuta hweviolin hunotsvedza netambo.

Izvi zvinonzwika zvine musoro pakutanga kutarisa, asi zvine chikanganiso chakakomba. Ruzha runoshanduka zvakanyanya zvichienderana nekudhonza kumhanya, kona, uye tepi brand. Kudengenyeka kwakapfava hakugone kuverengera misiyano yakakura kudaro.

Vefizikisi vakadzidza iyi puzzle kwemakumi emakore uye vakafumura chinhu chakakosha: tepi haina kuparadzaniswa zvakanaka. Iyo yekubatanidza interface inochinjana pakati pekunamatira zvakasimba uye kutsvedza kamwe kamwe, ichifamba mujerky inokwana kunge zipi yakanamira. Kutenderera uku kwekunamira nekutsvedza kunozivikanwa sekuti stick-slip motion.

Stick - slip motion chinhu chakajairika chekukakavadzana chinowanikwa kwese kwese muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye zvisikwa:

Kudengenyeka: Matombo ematombo ari pamitsetse yekukanganisa anokiya pamwe chete. Kushushikana kunowedzera kusvika pachikumbaridzo chakakosha chasvika, zvichikonzera kutsvedza kamwe kamwe.

Basketball inomira inokurumidza: Ruzha runotsikirira runogadzirwa kana masosi emateki achikweshana nematare emapuranga.

Achembera magonhi emapuranga: Hinge friction inogadzira hutsinye creaks paunosundidzira gonhi rakavhurika.

Kunyora pamabhodhi: Choko inotsvedza zvine mutsindo uye inoburitsa ruzha rusina kugadzikana.

Stick - kutsvedza pachayo hachisi chinhu chisingawanzo. Zvakadaro, kamuti - kutsvedza kufamba panguva yekupepeta tepi kunoitika nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaimbofungwa nemasayendisiti. Midziyo yekare yekutarisa yakashaya kunyatsojeka uye furemu chiyero chekurekodha iyo yakazara maitiro, ichisiya tsvakiridzo yakamira kwemakumi emakore.

Muna 2025, timu yekutsvagisa yakagamuchira brand-itsva yekutarisa tekinoroji uye hunyanzvi hwekuyedza mazano, uye kekutanga yakanyatsoona magadzirirwo chaiwo ari kuseri kweruzha rwakakasharara runogadzirwa pakubvarura tepi.

Iyo yekumisikidza yekumisikidza yaive yakatwasuka: vaongorori vakanamira nguva dzose yakajeka kurongedza tepi mundiro yegirazi. Ndichiri kupenengura tepi, zvishandiso zvakawanda panguva imwe chete zvakarekodha maitiro ese ekuparadzanisa:

Yakakwirisa - yekumhanyisa kamera yakamisikidzwa pasi pegirazi yakabata chimiro chekupepeta chezvikamu zvekunamira uye kumhanya kwekuparadzira kwekutsemuka munguva chaiyo kuburikidza nendiro;

Schlieren imaging system: Mhepo haionekwe neziso rakashama, asi mwenje unokotama zvishoma kana uchifamba nemhepo yemhando dzakasiyana. Ichi chigadziriso chemaziso chinokudza uye chinorekodha kutsauka kwakadaro kwechiedza, zvichiita kuti masaisai ekumanikidza uye shockwaves akaumbwa mumhepo aonekwe;

Yakakwirira - chaiyo maikorofoni yakarekodhwa odhiyo inoenderana, ichinyatso kuenderana neruzha rwese kupuruzira kune inoenderana zvinhu kutyoka kwakatorwa pakamera.

Chiyedzo chakapfura mifananidzo pa ultra-high frame rate ye 2 miriyoni mafuremu pasekondi. Kana tichienzanisa, mabhaisikopo akajairwa anomhanya pa24 fps chete, uye akajairika anononoka- mavhidhiyo anofamba ari pamusoro pa240 fps. Mamiriyoni maviri mafuremu anoreva kuti kufamba kwese mukati mesekondi imwe kunopatsanurwa kuita mamirioni maviri mafuremu ega ega.

Nekunyatso kuenzanisa masaini masaini nemifananidzo yekuona, vaongorori vakazopedzisira vaona kwainobva chaiyo kurira kwetepi.

Paunokwevera tepi kumusoro, mutswe wakachinjika unoumba kuseri kwemuganhu pakati pezvikamu zvakasvuurwa nezvisina kupepetwa. Perpendicular kune kureba kwetepi, kutsemuka kunomhanya pamatepi kubva kune imwe kumucheto kuenda kune imwe.

Mutswe unopararira nekukurumidza kupfuura kumhanya kwekunzwika mumhepo, uchikodzera se supersonic fracture; Iyo nguva iyo supersonic crack inosvika kumucheto wetepi, simba guru rinobuda mumhepo uye rinogadzira kunze - kupararira arc-shaped shockwave. Inogovera chimiro chaicho chekuputika shockwaves, chete pachiyero minuscule;

Iyi shockwave idiki diki sonic boom, ichitevera iyo yakafanana yemuviri musimboti seiyo sonic boom inogadzirwa apo ndege dzehondo dzinotyora chinovhara ruzha;

Denderedzwa rinoramba richidzokororwa: mushure mekutsemuka kumwe chete kwakachinjika uye sonic boom, mutsva wepamusoro-soro wakachinjika unosimuka uchienda kumusoro, uchiburitsa mafungu anovhundutsa asingamire kusvika wamira kubvarura tepi.

Iyo inoenderera ichirira "rip" ruzha rwatinonzwa haisi ruzha rumwechete rwekuzunguza. Panzvimbo pezvo, masaisai maduku asingaverengeki anorova simbi yenzeve imwe pashure peimwe. Iwo mafungu anovhundutsa anoitika pamwero wepamusoro zvekuti nzeve dzevanhu hadzigone kusiyanisa matsimba ega ega, achisangana kuita ruzha runoramba ruchibaya.

Veruzhinji vane maonero echinyakare ekuti kukweshana patepi kunounza kuzunguzika kunozunguza mhepo uye kugadzira ruzha. Asi iyo chaiyo nzira yemuviri inotaurira imwe nyaya: kubvarura tepi kunokonzeresa supersonic kuputsika kwezvinhu. Simba guru rinoburitswa ipapo ipapo kumucheto, richidzvanya mhepo yakatenderedza uye kuburitsa ruzha rwuya runotyisa kuburikidza nemashura. Nyangwe tsananguro mbiri idzi dzichisiyana nechiito chimwe chete, pfungwa yadzo yepanyama inyika dzakaparadzana.

Chikamu chinonyanya kufadza chetsvagurudzo iyi chinopfuura zvayakawana mukuedza zvipikisi - chinoburitsa chokwadi chakadzama: zvisingaverengeki zvisingaverengeki zvezvirongwa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvinovanza zvakavanzika zvenyama izvo zvisati zvanyatsozarurwa. Tepi yekunyora inongodhura dhora rimwe chete rekuAmerica, kungoibvarura, kutsemuka kwakachinjika kwakachinjika uye ruzha ruchichinja-chinja zvinopinda mugadziriro yakaomarara yefizikisi yekuvhundutsa, kusanganisira kutsemuka kwepamusoro-soro uye mabhomba madiki. Mukati menguva dzakajairika dzehupenyu hwezuva nezuva mune rudo rwakanyanya rwesainzi.