Mukang'amba tepi yonyamula, mukupanga ma supersonic sonic booms.

Mukang'amba tepi yonyamula, mukupanga ma supersonic sonic booms.

Lero tikukamba za chinthu chaching'ono chomwe aliyense adakumana nacho - kutsegula maphukusi, kapena ndendende, pomwe mumang'amba tepi yonyamula bwino.

Ndi tepi yotsika mtengo yotsika mtengo yomwe imagulitsidwa m'masitolo osindikizira, ndipo anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti palibe choyenera kufufuza za izo. Komabe kuseri kwa kachitidwe kosavutaku kuli chithunzithunzi chakuthupi chomwe chazunguza akatswiri asayansi kwazaka zambiri. Pepala losindikizidwa kumene pamapeto pake limathetsa chinsinsi, ndipo mapeto ake ndi odabwitsa kwambiri kuti simungakhulupirire poyang'ana koyamba.

Ambiri aife mwangozi tinawona zizindikiro pamene tinali ana. Ngati mumayang'anitsitsa kapangidwe kake panthawiyo, muwona kuti ming'alu yopingasa ikuwoneka pamene mukung'amba tepiyo, ndipo ming'alu iyi ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi tepi yakuthwa, yosiyana ndi yomwe imapanga. Palinso chinyengo chomwe mungagwiritse ntchito: kukoka tepiyo pang'onopang'ono komanso mosasunthika, ndipo idzalekanitsa bwino ndi ming'alu yocheperako yocheperako komanso mawu ankhanza kwambiri. Monga ana, tinkangowona zochitikazo osamvetsetsa sayansi, osadziŵa kuti makina a supersonic anali kusewera.

Kung'amba tepi kumatulutsa phokoso, kunjenjemera, mano; mukakoka mwachangu, phokoso limakhala lakuthwa, lomveka ngakhale pamadesiki awiri.

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti phokoso lalikulu limabwera chifukwa cha kukangana: zigawo ziwiri za tepi yomatayo zimasisita ndi kunjenjemera, kugwedeza mpweya kuti upangitse phokoso, ngati uta wa violin womwe ukugwedezeka pa zingwe.

Mfundo imeneyi imamveka yomveka poyamba, koma ili ndi vuto lina lalikulu. Phokoso limasintha kwambiri kutengera liwiro la kukoka, ngodya, ndi mtundu wa tepi. Kugwedezeka kosavuta sikungathe kuwerengera kusiyanasiyana kotere.

Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo aphunzira chithunzithunzichi kwa zaka zambiri ndipo atulukira mfundo yofunika kwambiri: tepi sichimalekanitsa bwino. Maonekedwe omangira amasinthana pakati pa kumamatira ndi kutsetsereka mwadzidzidzi, kusuntha molimba ngati zipi yomata. Kusunthaku kumamatira ndi kutsetsereka kumadziwika kuti ndodo-kuyendayenda.

Stick-slip motion ndizochitika zosemphana zomwe zimapezeka kulikonse m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi chilengedwe:

Zivomezi: Miyala yomwe ili pamizere yolakwika imalumikizana. Kupsyinjika kumawonjezeka mpaka kufika pamtunda wovuta kwambiri, kumayambitsa kutsetsereka kwadzidzidzi.

Mpira wa basketball umayima mwachangu: Phokoso long'ambika lomwe limatuluka pamene zitsulo za nsapato zimakwirira pamabwalo amatabwa.

Zitseko zakale zamatabwa: Kukangana kwa mahinji kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu yovuta mukakankhira chitseko.

Kulemba pamabodi: Choko chimatsetsereka ndikutulutsa phokoso lopanda kumasuka.

Ndodo-kutsetsereka pakokha sichachilendo. Komabe, kusuntha kwa ndodo pa kusenda tepi kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe asayansi amaganizira. Zida zowonera zakale zinalibe kulondola kokwanira komanso kuchuluka kwa mafelemu kuti alembe zonse, zomwe zidasiya kufufuza kwazaka zambiri.

Mu 2025, gulu lofufuza lidatengera -ukadaulo watsopano wowunikira komanso malingaliro oyesera, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba adawonetsa bwino njira yeniyeni yomwe imayambitsa phokoso loyipa lomwe limapangidwa pong'amba tepi.

Kukonzekera koyesererako kunali kolunjika: ofufuza amakakamira tepi yomveka bwino pa mbale yagalasi. Mukusegula tepiyo, zida zingapo nthawi imodzi zidalemba njira yonse yolekanitsa:

Kamera yothamanga kwambiri yomwe idayikidwa pansi pagalasiyo idajambula mawonekedwe a zomatira komanso kuthamanga kwa ming'alu munthawi yeniyeni kudzera m'mbale;

Schlieren imaging system: Mpweya suwoneka ndi maso, komabe kuwala kumapindika pang'ono podutsa mumpweya wosiyanasiyana. Chipangizo chowoneka bwinochi chimakulitsa ndikulemba kutembenuka kwa kuwala koteroko, kupangitsa kuti mafunde oponderezedwa ndi ma shockwaves omwe amapangidwa mumlengalenga awonekere;

High-mayikolofoni olondola amajambulidwa molumikizana, kufananiza ndi kugunda kwamtundu uliwonse ndi kusweka kwazinthu zomwe zajambulidwa pa kamera.

Zithunzi zoyeserera pamlingo wapamwamba-zapamwamba wamafelemu 2 miliyoni pamphindikati. Poyerekeza, makanema okhazikika amathamanga pa 24 fps zokha, ndipo mavidiyo omwe amapezeka pang'onopang'ono-oyenda amakhala pamwamba pa 240 fps. Mafelemu mamiliyoni awiri amatanthauza kuti kuyenda pang'ono kulikonse mkati mwa sekondi imodzi kumagawidwa kukhala mafelemu mamiliyoni awiri.

Pogwirizanitsa molondola ma siginecha amawu ndi zowonera, ofufuzawo adazindikira gwero lenileni la phokoso la tepiyo.

Mukakokera tepiyo m'mwamba, ming'alu yopingasa imapanga kuseri kwa malire pakati pa zigawo zosenda ndi zosasenda. Malingana ndi kutalika kwa tepiyo, ming'alu imathamanga kudutsa tepi kuchokera kumphepete kupita ku imzake.

Mng'aluyo amafalikira mofulumira kuposa liwiro la phokoso mumlengalenga, ndikuyenerera ngati kuphulika kwapamwamba; Mng'alu wa supersonic ukafika m'mphepete mwa tepi, mphamvu zazikulu zimatuluka mumlengalenga ndikupanga mafunde akunja -kufalikira - Imagawana mawonekedwe enieni a mafunde akuphulika, pamlingo wocheperako;

shockwave imeneyi kwenikweni ndi yaing'ono sonic boom, kutsatira mfundo yofanana thupi monga chiwombankhanga chopangidwa pamene ndege zankhondo kuswa chotchinga phokoso;

Kuzunguliraku kumabwerezedwa mosalekeza: pambuyo pa mng'alu umodzi wopingasa ndi sonic boom, mng'alu watsopano wopitilira muyeso umapitilira, kutulutsa mafunde amphamvu osayima mpaka mutasiya kung'amba tepiyo.

Phokoso losalekeza la "rip" lomwe timamva si phokoso limodzi logwedezeka. M'malo mwake, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri timagunda m'makutu motsatizana. The shockwaves zimachitika pafupipafupi kwambiri kotero kuti makutu a munthu sangathe kusiyanitsa kugunda kwamtundu uliwonse, kusakanikirana kukhala phokoso losalekeza loboola.

Anthu wamba amakhala ndi malingaliro achikhalidwe akuti kukangana pa tepi kumapangitsa kugwedezeka komwe kumapangitsa mpweya komanso kupangitsa phokoso. Komabe makina enieniwo amafotokoza nkhani ina: kung'amba tepi kumayambitsa kusweka kwa zinthuzo. Mphamvu zazikuluzikulu zimatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo m'mphepete mwa ming'alu, ndikumangirira mpweya wozungulira ndikutulutsa phokoso loopsalo kudzera m'mafunde owopsa. Ngakhale mafotokozedwe awiriwa amasiyana ndi liwu limodzi lokha, malingaliro awo akuthupi ndi maiko osiyana.

Mbali yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya kafukufukuyu ndi yoposa zoyeserera zake zotsutsana ndi zoyeserera - zimawulula chowonadi chozama: zochitika zazing'ono zosawerengeka m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zimabisa zinsinsi zakuthupi zomwe sizidavumbulutsidwebe. Mpukutu wamba wa tepi yongotengera dola imodzi yokha yaku US, kungong'amba mwachisawawa, ming'alu yowoneka yopingasa komanso phokoso loboola pang'onopang'ono, zonse zimalumikizana ndi machitidwe odabwitsa afiziki, kuphatikiza kuthyoka kwakukulu ndi mafunde ang'onoang'ono. Mkati mwa mphindi wamba za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku muli chikondi chenicheni cha sayansi.